
When stressed, your body releases high levels of cortisol — the so-called “stress hormone.” While cortisol plays a helpful role in short bursts (like helping you respond quickly to danger), prolonged exposure can damage areas of the brain crucial for memory and decision-making, particularly the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
Chronic cortisol elevation in older adults accelerates neuronal death through multiple pathways. It increases glutamate activity, leading to excitotoxic damage in the hippocampus, and disrupts mitochondrial function. Cortisol also reduces BDNF, limiting neuroplasticity, and triggers microglial activation, promoting neuroinflammation. Additionally, it shortens telomeres, speeding up neuronal aging. Over time, this can lead to mental fog, memory loss, and an increased risk of cognitive decline.
Xanamem, developed by Actinogen Medical, is designed to block the production of cortisol inside brain cells. Unlike traditional cortisol blockers that affect the whole body, Xanamem targets a specific enzyme called 11β-HSD1, which is responsible for producing active cortisol in the brain. By reducing cortisol levels locally, Xanamem aims to shield the brain from stress-related damage — without disrupting the hormone’s role in other parts of the body.

Early trials have shown encouraging results, particularly in older adults experiencing early signs of cognitive impairment. A 2021 trial in AD subjects showed significant improvements in memory and executive function- i.e. processing speed and problem-solving, but did not show significant improvements in AD biomarkers. Researchers hope Xanamem could become a key player in treating — or even preventing — conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, while also supporting everyday brain health in people under chronic stress, but more research is needed.